Image by fox photosgetty images the 1966 syrian coup detat, followed by the corrective movement of 1970 which thrust hafez alassad, the father of current president bashar alassad, into the presidency, proved particularly beneficial for russian military forces. Us pressure and promises of military and economic aid were key in the negotiations leading to the agreement, but the united states could not initially participate. This is because the iraqi capital gave its name to. In 1955, turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and great britain signed a defensive military agreement known as the baghdad pact as a bulwark against soviet attempts to project influence southward. Baghdad pact 1955 in the 1950s during the tense cold war years, irans physical proximity to the soviet union increased its security vulnerabilities. As a starting point for a new alliance of arab states with a western outlook, baghdad may not be an auspicious choice. To keep soviet union out of the equation, since 1950s was time of decolonization and both us and ussr are trying to grab maximum number of partners in the world. Personnel series box 12 chronological file january 1954 march 18, 1954 unrwa. The background to the formation of the baghdad pact. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good neighbourhood concluded. Henderson, was reported to emphasize the importance attached by the united states to the pact, and to have been a direct response to diplomatic pressure from the.
Subsequently, the united kingdom would adhere to the pact on april 5. Seato and cento important topic by satender pratap eklavya. Kodi archive and support file community software vintage software apk msdos cdrom software cdrom software library. Ogg multiplexed audiovideo file, theoravorbis, length 1 min 54 s, 630. The baghdad pact is also know under the more correct term of central treaty organization cento, which was the term used after iraq left in 1959.
Ministry of foreign affairs on security in the near and middle east, april 16, 1955 the situation in the near and middle east has recently become consider ably more tense. Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 1955. Similar to the north atlantic treaty organization and the southeast asia treaty organization, the main purpose of the baghdad pact was to prevent communist incursions and. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 by keltik.
Pakistan joined the baghdad pact in september 1955 renamed centocentral treaty organisationin 1959 after iraqs withdrawal the members of the baghdad pact agreed to cooperate with each other in the field of defence and security. Baghdad pact february 1955 treaty signed initially by iraq and turkey mutual from hist 123 at hudson valley community college. Britain and iran also signed the deal and were keen for pakistan to do likewise. Church of christ missionaries in iraq, iran and israel. Box 7 acw diary december 1955 3 dde on the british and the baghdad pact dde diary series. The creation of the baghdad pact, a regional defence organization linking britain to iraq, turkey, iran and pakistan, in 1955, has been surrounded by historiographical confusion. It was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey and the united kingdom and dissolved in 1979. The 1953 coup against mohammed mossadegh in iran has alarmed eisenhower administrati. United statesunited kingdom concept baghdad pact, saudi willing. An discussion of the origins and political setting of the baghdad pact part 2.
Buy soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 by keltik excalibur ebook online at lulu. Baghdad pact central treaty organization cento the baghdad pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by turkey, iraq, great. Box 7 acw diary december 1955 3 dde on the british and the baghdad pact dde diary series over the years, thousands of documents from the dde diary series have been. Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 1955 1 author. The collapse of the baghdad pact 195859 conclusion appendices bibliography index. It is also referred to as middle east treaty organization. Angloamerican defence policies in the middle east, 19501959 article pdf available january 2005 with 85 reads how we measure reads. Information from its description page there is shown below. The failure of the baghdad pact, as it was known, heralded the end of british influence in the middle east. Baghdad pact february 1955 treaty signed initially by iraq.
In 1955, the turcoiraqi pact later the baghdad pact was signed as a form of mutual protection in the middle east, the main threat being perceived as from the soviets. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955statement by u. Baghdad pact article about baghdad pact by the free. Baghdad pact organization financial definition of baghdad. Delegates meet to discuss the baghdad pact in 1955. Software sites tucows software library shareware cdroms software capsules compilation cdrom images zx spectrum doom level cd. Baghdad pact international organization cambridge core. Iraq pulled out of the baghdad pact in 1959 and the remaining states formed the central treaty organization cento. Baghdad pact article about baghdad pact by the free dictionary. Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 19551 author. Baghdad pact documents 1954 home destpek ana sayfa.
Middle east transportation project ica chron file, april 1958 12 jet aircraft for lebanon and jordan. Foreign assistance actin april of 1979 the united states suspended all economic assistance to pakistanover concerns about pakistans nuclear program. The central treaty organization cento, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization meto, was a military alliance of the cold war. Baghdad pact 1955 antisoviet security pact sponsored by britain and the united states the baghdad pact formally came into existence in 1955. Mar 24, 2020 in rethinking turkeyiraq relations, kumral explores the saadabad pact of 1937, the defense pact of 1955, the fall of the prowestern iraqi monarchy in 1958, the gulf war in 1991 and the iraq war in 2003, to highlight, explore and recognize the contextual, ontological, rhetorical and political consequences of cooperation and noncooperation between turkey and iraq. Aug 22, 2011 baghdad pact, popular name for the 1955 prowestern defense alliance between turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and the united kingdom.
Liaquat ali khan an inspiration for pakistanis 1955 baghdad pact signed, making turkey and iraq part of a defensive alliance. Thus the threat of communism, the memories of the occupation of azerbaijan as well as the knowledge of the american role in bringing this occupation to an end, decided the iranian choice visavis. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 van tech. The baghdad pact february 1955 jewish virtual library. The struggle between egypt and iraq over arab hegemony constitutes the main theme of this study. Media in category baghdad pact the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. The central treaty organization cento the baghdad pact. Baghdad pact, popular name for the 1955 prowestern defense alliance between turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and the united kingdom. Mar 03, 2012 baghdad pactpakistan was a member of the baghdad pact from its adoption in 1955, until the pactsdissolution in 1979. Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran. Council the ministerial council of the baghdad pact held its second session in teheran from april 16 to 19, 1956. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good neighbourhood concluded between his majesty the king of iraq and.
The baghdad pact was created in 1955 by britain, iraq, turkey, iran and pakistan with the aim of strengthening regional defence and preventing the infiltration of the soviet union into the middle east. Pakistan was member of the baghdad pact between 1955 and 1979 and a frontline state in the war in afghanistan after 1979. The united states observer delegation was headed by deputy under secretary of state loy henderson. The islamic congress almost immediately split in february 1955, when pakistan joined the baghdad pact and indian prime minister jawaharlal nehru visited cairo. Henderson, was reported to emphasize the importance attached by the united states to the pact, and to have been a direct response to diplomatic. Seato and cento important topic by satender pratap. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 by keltik excalibur. Definition of baghdad pact organization in the financial dictionary by free online english dictionary and encyclopedia.
The baghdad pact 1955 and the central treaty organization. The name comes from the signing that too place in baghdad, iraq in 1955. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 statement by u. Baghdad pactpakistan was a member of the baghdad pact from its adoption in 1955, until the pactsdissolution in 1979. Anderson, robert b papers, 193389 box 126 iraq 1966 14 iraq 1967 14. At the height of the cold war, the middle east, with strategic bases bordering the soviet union, vital communications links, and significant oil wealth, represented a valuable region for western interests. This is because the iraqi capital gave its name to a shortlived britishbacked alliance in the 1950s.
Box 5 chronological file october 1958 1 baghdad pact larson, arthur. The central treaty organization cento, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization meto, was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey and the united kingdom. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good neighbourhood concluded between his. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available. Much of this is explicable in terms of the impact of rapid international changes on longterm strategy, the importance of which has tended to be neglected by. The member states turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and. Afghanistan commits to remaining neutral, and not joining the baghdad pact. Egypt strongly opposed the baghdad pact, and conducted a vigorous campaign to prevent the accession of other arab countries. Jan 27, 2017 to keep soviet union out of the equation, since 1950s was time of decolonization and both us and ussr are trying to grab maximum number of partners in the world. Combined with lot 58 d 17 nea files, lot 58 d 545 contains country files for egypt, nepal, libya, pakistan, sudan, syria, tunisia, cyprus, turkey, and yemen, and subject files for the united nations and the baghdad pact for 1956, as maintained by the bureau of near eastern, south asian, and african affairs. The name comes from the signing that too place in baghdad, iraq in 1955 and the main purpose of this. The baghdad pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by turkey, iraq, great britain, pakistan and iran. Meaning of baghdad pact organization as a finance term. The baghdad pact 195579 grew out of a mutual cooperation pact signed between turkey and iraq on february 24, 1955.